What it is:

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is a behavioral disorder that occurs in childhood and adolescence, most often first presenting during the preschool years. Across ages, symptoms include a recurrent pattern of developmentally inappropriate angry and irritable mood (e.g., temper tantrums, tendency to be easily annoyed by others), argumentative/defiant behavior (e.g., arguments with adults, refusal to follow rules), and interpersonal punishment of others (e.g., spiteful or vindictive behavior). As a result of the oppositional or defiant behavior, relationships with others can become strained. Though the interpersonal conflict may be particularly notable with authority figures (e.g., parents and teachers), peer and sibling relationships may also be affected. Behavioral disruptions at school can result in the youth being removed from classrooms (or schools), requiring IEP or school aide interventions, and/or disrupt the youth’s ability to learn in the classroom. Behavioral disruptions at home can result in difficulty maintaining schedules or making transitions, difficulty completing chores or following house rules, and significant familial conflict. As a result, some parents/caregivers attempt to significantly modify family expectations or consequences for the struggling youth and may need additional support themselves.

Left untreated, symptoms of ODD can escalate into more serious behavioral disorders; however, with treatment, symptoms often resolve effectively.